Aqua Complex

Wroclaw University of Technology, (Politechnika Wrocławska), Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław

Idea projektu

The general idea of the competition work, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions and the construction site of the facility. The purpose of the building.
Humanity is conquering space, while leaving unexplored 80% of the depths of the entire world ocean. This is how our complex acquires international value, being the first such project capable of training and testing specialists in the most realistic scenarios, while at the same time being controlled and safe. But
The main idea was to develop a space that would become an oasis of tranquility and comfort for the townspeople, allowing them to enjoy their holidays in a pleasant and ecologically clean environment near the forest area and the Drozdy reservoir in the Minsk region.
The Aqua complex is an innovative type of recreational facility combining various types of outdoor activities on the water implemented by seven volumes of buildings:
a business center with a separate coworking area and a prep-type restaurant, a main restaurant with a full cooking cycle that provides all other tasks with a catering function, a water theater, a hotel, a surfing center with artificial waves,
an Olympic swimming pool building for mass sports events and a diving center.

Popis projektu

The Aqua complex is one of the most fascinating and promising topics. We chose this topic because aqua complexes are becoming more popular and in demand in the field of entertainment and recreation, but there is no such thing on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. There are schools attached to swimming pools, but none has a specialized and more developed place to simulate scenarios.
The main reason why we decided to develop and design the aqua complex is that it is an innovative and exciting area. Aqua complexes offer a unique opportunity for people of different ages and interests to enjoy outdoor activities on the water.

The main components of our complex will be diving, swimming pool, surfing, water theater, hotel and restaurant. Each of these components has its own important role and makes the aqua complex a place where you can get the most vivid and unforgettable impressions.

Diving will be offered to both experienced divers and beginners. We will provide unique opportunities for underwater adventures, offering a variety of trails and an impressive underwater world. The Aqua complex will provide unique options for diving enthusiasts, even in conditions where there is no direct access to the sea waters.
Virtual reality (VR) technology provides unique opportunities for learning and development in various fields.:
Rescue and Firefighter Training: VR can create emergency simulations such as fires or natural disasters to train professionals to work in emergency situations.
Virtual reality creates controlled and realistic learning scenarios, allowing beginners to develop and hone their skills in a safe environment. Thousands of beautiful ancient corals and hundreds of fish species are usually hidden from land dwellers. Examples: The Belarusian project “Ocean Rift in virtual Reality”; Ocean Rift is an underwater VR simulator. The simulator hides 12 habitats, ready to explore.
The pool will become a place for active recreation, relaxation and water sports activities. It will develop an infrastructure for training and swimming competitions, as well as for water-based physical rehabilitation.
Surfing will become one of the active components of our complex. We will offer fans of this sport unique opportunities for training and competitions, as well as for rental and training.
The water Theater will be a place where you can enjoy performances and shows on the water, hold concerts and other cultural events.
The hotel and restaurant are an integral part of the aqua complex, offering comfortable accommodation and varied meals for visitors. Guests will be able to enjoy a wonderful view of the complex, as well as receive full service and comfortable accommodation.

The Aqua complex is an innovative type of recreational facility that combines various types of outdoor activities on the water.
The development of the aqua complex begins with a study of the demand of the population and the definition of its needs. The purpose of this complex is to create a unique place where everyone can find activity to their liking and enjoy relaxing on the water.
One of the main advantages of the aqua complex is its accessibility for any age and level of training. Also, due to the variety of activities offered, the complex can provide services for both beginners and experienced outdoor enthusiasts.
One of the goals of the development of the aqua complex is to preserve and increase the ecological purity of water resources, create conditions for the diversity of aquatic life and preserve the natural beauty of the region. During the construction and operation of the complex, only environmentally friendly technologies and materials are used, as well as water purification and recycling systems.

Aspects of the aqua complex:
Aquatic architectural facilities: The complex can contribute to the development of water parks, underwater restaurants, and other facilities that integrate underwater spaces into architecture.
Aqua bases and training centers: The popularity of diving can contribute to the creation of aqua bases and training centers, which increases the demand for infrastructure.
Technical equipment for underwater structures: Development of technologies and engineering solutions for the construction of water structures.
Ecological construction: Taking into account the interest in the aquatic environment, the aqua complex can contribute to the development of more environmentally friendly materials and construction technologies, reducing the impact on the aquatic environment.
Tourist attraction: The development of the complex can make the region more attractive to tourists, which in turn can stimulate the construction of tourist infrastructure.
Recreational areas: The aqua complex can become the basis for the creation of recreational areas designed for outdoor activities and sports.
Development of underwater tourism: Diving can stimulate the development of underwater tourism.
Community building: The complex can bring people together by creating social communities and clubs, facilitating the exchange of experiences and cultural interactions.
Sports events: The organization of events and competitions can become a part of the cultural and sports life of the country.
Education and training: The development of educational programs and training centers for diving creates opportunities for the training of new divers and instructors.

Technical aspects of the complex:
- Safety Training: The indoor pool provides ideal conditions for learning and training in a controlled environment, which can be especially important for beginners.
- Year-round activity: providing services year-round, regardless of seasonal changes or climatic conditions.
- Provides an opportunity to “learn and observe” the oceanic environment
The choice of the aqua complex as the topic of our graduation project is due to its relevance and popularity among people. We are confident that our aqua complex combines all the necessary components for successful recreation and entertainment, and will be an attractive place not only for locals, but also for tourists from all over the world.

Basic concepts of the graduation project:
- Formation of a planning solution in accordance with engineering and technological requirements and the functional organization of the exposition process;
- Creating a comfortable and unique architectural environment inside the building;
- Creation of an original expressive architectural form of the building corresponding to the environment;
- Addition of the building with objects of landscape architecture and structures – outdoor pools, fountains, piers, monorails
The Master plan
The aqua complex was designed in Minsk, Central district, Drozdy Reservoir.
It is located on the northwestern outskirts of Minsk in the zone of the climatic and balneological resort of Zhdanovichi. It was established in 1976 on the Svisloch River and is part of the Vileysko-Minsk water system. Dimensions 6.0 x 0.6 km, area 2.4 km2, maximum depth 5.5 m.

This location is equipped with all the necessary communications links, and is also adjacent to the MKAD highway, the M9 highway, which facilitates easy accessibility: 55 minutes from the station by public transport, 20 minutes by car (40 minutes from the airport). Residential areas and garden associations (settlements) are located within a radius of 10 km, which also contributes to the stable loading of the complex at all times of the year.

Soil composition: medium, often deeply podzolic soils on sandy sandy loams with boulders, underlain by sand and below by loam, mainly moraine. The waters are deep.

 

Construction on loam and sandy loam

Soils with varying degrees of heaviness should not be under the foundation of a single structure to protect it from deformation. Measures are being taken to reduce the heaving force. The following methods are effective:
- Filling a cushion of gravel, sand or other draining materials to the depth of seasonal freezing or draining the soil in this layer to reduce its humidity, compacting it in layers with tamping with crushed stone.
- Installation of storm sewers, special channels, drainage, if possible, without disturbing natural drains to remove moisture of various origins from the site.
-Installation of waterproof blind areas with a width of at least 1 m around the building.
-Ensuring the maximum preservation of soil cover during the equipment of excavation pits and trenches of underground utilities. The exposed surface of the soil must be covered with a ten- to twelve-centimeter layer of soil and sown with perennial turf-forming grasses to reduce the unevenness of soil moisture.
-Additional thermal insulation of the building base to reduce the level of soil freezing.
Types of foundations on sandy loam and loam:
The choice of foundation on these types of soil is largely determined by the level of groundwater.
A pile foundation is used when groundwater is less than 50 cm from the surface. In addition, its construction is effective when there are soils with different bearing capacities on the territory, because piles can be buried at different levels. Relying on more stable deep layers of soil, the piles raise the entire structure to a safe height. In this case, the load on each pile is calculated.
Different types of piles are used in construction:
Monolithic structures have a high load-bearing capacity, do not require drainage and withstand frost heaving. They are hammered with the help of special equipment.
Screw piles are screwed into the ground to a depth of no more than three meters. This is an inexpensive type of work, but such piles have a lower bearing capacity, which requires careful calculations of the number of piles and the distance between them.
Drilling piles have a high load-bearing capacity, but require preliminary drainage of the soil by pumping water through wells, which then need to be filled with a reinforced concrete mix.
Pile foundations of the TISE type do not require the use of machines for hammering them. The technology of their installation lies in the fact that concrete or iron pipes with downward expansion are inserted into pre-drilled wells, into which a reinforced frame is installed and a concrete mixture is poured. At the same time, if the pipes are not removed in the future, the structure will be more durable.
Beams are laid on top, which connect the piles to each other, or a reinforcement belt of the grillwork is installed. This design is capable of withstanding significant loads.
A slab foundation is preferred at a ground water level of 0.5-1.5 meters from the surface. It is important to ensure good drainage with ditches around the perimeter before starting construction. Then, a so-called "floating cushion" of packed coarse sand or gravel is arranged at the bottom of the excavation. A waterproofing film is necessarily used, on which another layer of gravel is poured. After tamping it, a new layer of waterproofing is applied. A monolithic reinforced concrete structure is installed on this cushion. The walls of the foundation also need to be treated with water-repellent mastic. It is advisable to complete all the work within one day. The large footprint of such a foundation and the ability to rise and fall together with the building itself when the ground freezes makes the slab foundation quite reliable.
Gravel is laid at the bottom of the excavation, and then sand and waterproofing material are layered. A reinforcement frame is installed on this cushion and support piles are installed along the perimeter of the foundation in two–meter increments to strengthen the monolithic tape. Then the entire structure is poured with concrete in one step.
The width of the foundation should expand downwards by a third of the width of the main part of the foundation, and the voids are filled with packed sand. This will increase the stability of the building and minimize the heaving of the ground.

The master plan shows the boundaries of the built-up area, auxiliary buildings, playgrounds and equipment for various leisure activities have been developed, and the landscaping of the site and its adjacent territory has been completed, taking into account existing driveways and roads.
The Aqua complex is located taking into account functional and technical communication, in accordance with fire and sanitary standards. The norms define the minimum distances between buildings and structures. Sanitary gaps are set depending on the height of the taller building. There is a gap of at least 12 meters between the ends of buildings with windows, where there are no windows, the gap according to fire safety standards is 6 or 8 meters.
The planning solution of the street network provides for the tracing of internal passageways in order to exclude the occurrence of transit traffic from outside, as well as to ensure favorable traffic.
The surface of the road surfaces on the site is planned so that the water drains into low places, from where the receivers located on the road are removed in a downpour.
Stone paths have been designed on the site, approaches and entrances are paved with concrete tiles leading to recreation areas, sports and playgrounds, underground and above-ground parking. There are benches, wide pedestrian paths.
Noise protection is one of the existing sanitary requirements for the construction of the building complex. The noise sources are mainly motorways. Planting trees and shrubs is used to protect against noise. When this is not possible, the appropriate layout of the neighborhood protects against noise, as the designed building complex significantly prevents the spread of noise from the highway deep into the building.
The quiet recreation and walking area includes landscaping with greenery, recreation areas with light park facilities (canopies, gazebos). The quiet recreation and walking area is usually located in the peripheral part of the park, away from noisy facilities.
Barrier-free zone for low mobility groups of the population. When determining the location of the main functional areas of the park, it is necessary to take into account the need to create a barrier-free zone, equipped taking into account the requirements of physically weakened persons. The barrier-free zone includes playgrounds, places for walking, physical education and recreation activities, which should be located near the entrances to the park.
Parking lots for visitors should be located outside the park and landscaping should be carried out at the rate of 5-7 parking spaces per 100 one-time visitors with an estimated area of 25 square meters (25x 5.5 m) per passenger car. Based on aesthetic and sanitary requirements, it is recommended that the park and parking lots be separated by landscaping, and the architectural and landscape design of the parking lots themselves using landscaping and landscaping.







 
1.2. Spatial planning solution

The spatial planning solutions of the building were solved by the unity of several recreational organizations, similar in profile, united on the basis of centralization of cultural, household and economic services.
I have implemented the idea of a mixed-floor aqua complex project. The blocks I am developing have the following number of floors: a diving block with a height of 3 floors, a business center block with a restaurant of 7 floors, a VR technology and surfing block of 4 floors.
The height of the public floor is 4,200m.
The spatial planning solution was taken into account in accordance with the future residence of various groups of the population in the complex, the interior solution and the composition of the premises meet all modern requirements and standards.
Functional zoning
The sports complex includes a variety of areas and facilities designed for various types of physical activity, training, competitions and recreation. The main areas that are often present in sports complexes include:
Blocks:
1. Olympic Swimming Pool Block
2. VR technology and Surfing unit
3. Diving unit
4. Business center block with restaurant
Administration and Service Premises Group:
1. Offices and administrative premises:
2. To manage and coordinate the work of the sports complex.
3. Reception;
4. Offices of the director, Deputy director, lawyer;
5. Accounting department with a cash register and a chief accountant's office;
6. Archive;
7. Human Resources Department;
The group of catering facilities includes:
1. the restaurant;
2. European cuisine restaurant — for top-class hotels;
3. restaurant of national cuisine — for hotels of the highest category;
4. cafe;
5. Express cafe, cafeteria;
6. buffet on the floor;
7. Breakfast room, buffet.

A group of premises for communal (engineering) support and vertical transport:

1. boiler room or heating point;
2. rooms for air conditioning systems;
3. ventilation chambers — supply and exhaust;
4. water measuring unit or pumping station;
5. boiler room for boilers;

Technické informace

Constructive solution

The projected building of the water theater.
The length of the building section in axes 1-18 is 84.900m.
The width of the building section in axes A-U is 39,000m.
Number of floors: 3 floors.
In terms of durability, the building belongs to the 1st degree, with a service life of at least 100 years. According to fire resistance, the building belongs to the 1st degree, in accordance with CH 2.02.05-2020. The building is of the 2nd degree of complexity according to (K-2) according to CH 3.02.02-2020.
The height of the public floor is 4.2 m.
The structural system is a monolithic frame.
The shape of the building in the plan is complex.
The frame is solved in a monolithic version. Reinforced concrete columns and beams form the frame. The length of the girders and beams resting on the columns is assumed to be equal to the distance between the inner faces of the columns.
Monolithic columns with a cross-section of 400x400 mm. The binding of the columns to the coordinate
axes is central. The grid of columns is designed: 6x6m, 7.2x7.2m, 9x9m — girderless ceilings, with a grid of columns over 9 — girder ceilings (ribbed).
The ceiling is monolithic with a thickness of 200 mm.
Openings for the passage of ventilation units, risers of water supply systems, sewerage (household, stormwater) are performed during concreting of the floor in place. In addition, openings are left in the floors for stairwells and elevator shafts.
The elevator shaft is made of 200 mm thick brick.
The stairs are designed as monolithic reinforced concrete with semi-platforms supported by support tables welded to the embedded parts of walls or floors.
The stiffness diaphragm ensures the spatial rigidity of the building. They are monolithic walls with a thickness of 200 mm, arranged along the entire height of the building; on the plan, J is arranged in the form of the letter P, G; located independently. They are the walls of the stairwell, elevator lobby.

The entrance porch is designed from prefabricated reinforced concrete steps resting on the ground, ramps are provided on them.
Ventilation units are precast reinforced concrete. B1.134-7 and series B1.034.1-2.05 in accordance with the requirements of STB 2172-2011. Ventilation units are designed for exhaust and supply ventilation in residential and public buildings. Ventilation units belong to the fire hazard class K0.
The exterior walls are made of cellular concrete blocks supported on a monolithic slab floor by floor. The thickness of the exterior walls is 500 mm. The masonry protrudes 100 mm above the floor slab, and insulation is laid in the formed niches to eliminate the "cold bridges" along the columns and the ceiling.
The inner walls are made of cellular concrete blocks with a thickness of 400 mm.
Partitions: -made of 120, 250 mm thick bricks,
-made of 150 mm additional sound insulation bricks,
-made of plasterboard and 50-100 mm thick metal profiles.
-made of tempered glass 6-12 mm, with increased protection of 12-25 mm.
The windows and balcony doors are made of PVC profile with 3rd glazing and 2-chamber double-glazed windows. The structure consists of two identical canvases.
The technical door is metal, 90-195 cm wide and 207-237 cm high.
The interior doors are designed with plastic, while the exterior entrance and vestibule doors are glazed. According to GOST 30970-2002.
Coverage:
The saddle–shaped coating consists of stretched elements - shrouds; compression structures - struts and bends – beams, trusses, plates and shells
The supporting parts of the corner sections of the coating, which are experiencing the greatest stresses, are solved in monolithic reinforced concrete.
The coating consists of the following layers: a monolithic w/w floor covering, a stabilizing semi-truss, a steel membrane rolled over a steel bed, a roll of light concrete of variable thickness, a vapor barrier made of polyethylene film GOST 10354-82, thermal insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam, a leveling screed made of cement-sand mortar, a bottom layer of HVAC. bitumen polymer waterproofing. Isoplast material, the top layer of HVAC. bitumen-polymer roofing material with coarse-grained coating of surfaced "Isoplast".
Exterior decoration of the building

Modern, high-quality and ecological materials were used in the design of the building.
To ensure the required coefficient of resistance to heat transfer of the external enclosing structures, the walls of the building are insulated with mineral wool slabs. The window frames are made of aluminum with triple glazing. The flat roof is made using Ultraple TPO membrane. It is ideal for the changeable Belarusian climate. The design life of the membrane is about 40 years. TRO membranes are absolutely waterproof during their installation and use.
The facades are made of cellular blocks, insulated and plastered. Also, somewhere on top of the walls on the facade there is a paneling, creating a hinged ventilated facade. It is an energy-efficient building material with zero thermal conductivity and high vapor permeability. Cladding helps to create a comfortable microclimate inside the building, and also allows the structure to "breathe", which, in turn, prevents condensation from forming on the walls of the structure and increases the service life of the entire building. Thanks to this decoration, the facade acquires a beautiful appearance and is also a highly environmentally friendly material that is safe for human life.
The coating is represented by mesh structures.
In order to convey an exceptional aesthetic idea that seeks to convey the airiness and spaciousness of this complex. Showcase glazing has the same goals.
The color scheme is determined by the geographical location of the building near a reservoir and woodlands.
All of the above elements embody the basic idea of the building's spatial planning solution: the unity of man with nature.

Aluminum facades of ALUTECH
Reliable aluminum profiles and warm double-glazed windows are used in production. Due to this, aluminum facade glazing is suitable for various objects and does not cause trouble to its owners.
The classic rack-and-crossbar facade system is distinguished by its strength, durability and unpretentiousness in maintenance.



Aluminum
1. Service life — 50 years
2. Eco-friendly aluminum does not emit harmful substances
3. Aluminum does not support gorenje and does not spread fire.
4. Resistance to fading and deformation
5. Thanks to the aluminum profiles, the panoramic glazing is strong and durable.
Advantages
1. Imitation of structural glazing from ALUTECH
2. A concise solution for a private home in the minimalist style. Narrow decorative overlays are used in the production of imitation of the ALUTECH structural facade.
3. Multifunctional energy-saving glass
4. The main facade is based on the ALT F50 system with integrated overhead shutters. The house also has warm windows and doors based on the ALT W72 system with European fittings. The overhead sash saves useful space in the house by opening to the outside. Multifunctional energy-saving glass.

SFB production technology
The building regulations for the production of SFB structures provide for 2 main technological directions:
-Spraying (spraying, "spray") of components onto a mold to produce flat or curved thin-walled plates and protective structural jackets. This requires full-fledged FSB equipment.;
-Pre-mixing ("premixing") with subsequent molding of the mixture, carried out by vibration compaction, radial roller molding, roller pressing or other methods. To do this, it is enough to have a "truncated" set of the SC-45 complex at the production site.
If products are to be manufactured by premixing, the set of required equipment is reduced and simplified. At the same time, it should be remembered that the percentage of fiber introduction into the solution with this method is lower, the quality of products obtained using this technology is lower, and the possibilities of using the obtained structures are narrower. Nevertheless, this technique is justified for a number of tasks. The elements obtained by this method should be subjected to vibration treatment.

Advantages of SFB panels
- thickness from 1.5 cm;
- low weight;
- easy installation;
- various surface options (imitation of brick, stone, etc.); color and texture are selected individually;
The height of the panels varies depending on the height of the ceiling, and the length reaches 2 linear meters. The panels are mounted on metal anchors, the joint is sealed.

Technical advantages of SFB in comparison with concrete and reinforced concrete
SFB, by its very nature, has no analogues in many technical and economic indicators in construction compared to traditionally used materials, therefore its distinctive features:
-Increased crack resistance, impact resistance, wear resistance, frost resistance and weather resistance;
-The possibility of using more efficient structural solutions than with conventional reinforcement, for example, the use of thin-walled structures, structures without rod and or mesh distribution and transverse fittings, etc.;
-The possibility of reducing or completely eliminating the consumption of steel reinforcement, for example, in structures with economic responsibility;
-Reducing labor and energy costs for reinforcement work, increasing the degree of mechanization and automation in the production of fiber-reinforced concrete structures, for example, prefabricated thin-walled shells, folds, ribbed coating plates, monolithic and prefabricated floors of industrial and public buildings, permanent formwork structures, etc.

Facade glazing

Glazing of building facades is today the most convenient choice in the construction of all kinds of commercial buildings. This approach allows you to emphasize the success of the organization, business approach, and also perfectly fit the design into the overall appearance of the city.
The glazing of building facades can be of several types, each of which has a very solid popularity.:
 Structural. No profile types are involved in the installation process, which makes the design seem unified. However, there are many nuances that should be taken into account during installation, as a particularly strong adhesive will serve as a support.
 Spidernoe. A particularly durable construction, where each glass is fixed on special "spiders" that securely hold it. Our specialists will fix all the parts so efficiently that they will last a very long time without any complaints.
 Panoramic. It uses glass from the floor to the ceiling, which makes it possible to visually expand the space, as well as increase the illumination of the room.
 Stained glass window. Stained glass windows are often confused with panoramic ones, they also occupy the entire wall. The difference is that panoramic glazing is a single integral structure, while stained glass consists of many elements. Such structures are very light in weight, they are mounted from the inside of the room, and if one of the sections fails, it is easy to replace it. The stained glass type of glazing is able to withstand heavy loads, promotes the penetration of light into the room and looks very original.
Each of the methods has its advantages, so that their use depends directly on the area to which the building belongs. It is important to remember that with a qualified approach, facade glazing is possible even for the most unusual design projects.
In my project, the facade is mainly solved using glazing, which occupies approximately 80% of the total volume (stained glass facades and spider glazing).
Stained glass windows
Stained glass facades are modern, practical technologies available to everyone. Due to the special lightness of the metal and its malleability during processing, it stands out for its special convenience of transportation and installation. Allowing to build dimensional facade structures of various shapes and technical purposes, which especially coincides with all the requirements of modern architecture. The dimensions in width and height can reach up to 6 meters without auxiliary elements, otherwise they are supplemented with special connections. Fire safety combined with good corrosion resistance make stained glass aluminum windows an excellent option for balconies, loggias with and without main rooms. However, in this case, you need to choose the type of profile: cold or warm, the choice of which will depend on the nature of the purpose of the space.
Cold and warm profile
Depending on the need to maintain the temperature regime in the room, preference is given to either "warm" or "cold" aluminum stained glass windows. In our case, warm.
Maintaining constant heat in a room, created by heating systems, is often quite a serious problem in apartments, residential and complex buildings. And maintaining a cozy microclimate throughout the interior mercilessly consumes a huge portion of heat and electricity.

The task of installing warm stained glass windows will be to heat the oxygen inside and reflect the sun's rays from the street. In most cases, stained glass cladding is done in commercial and office buildings serving a large number of people. This requires constant maintenance of a preset temperature regime, which will create comfortable, positive working conditions.
At the same time, the main element that plays an important role of the so-called thermal bridge, which does not allow the metal to cool down, and the air does not condense between the glasses and does not create ice in winter, is a thermal insert.
Advantages of glazing:
Tolerance of sudden temperature changes from -50 to +140 degrees, high humidity.
 Resistance to aggressive media: alkaline, saline, slightly acidic solutions, in which the material retains all its strength qualities.
 Prevention of large amounts of heat loss. It does not allow aluminum to cool down, due to which the insert is called a thermal bridge.
 No difficulty in ventilation of the air.
 High rigidity, low coefficient of wear, friction.